What is the primary difference between single phase and three phase power?

The primary difference between single phase and three phase power lies in how the alternating current (AC) is delivered. In three phase power, three separate alternating current waveforms are used, each separated by 120 degrees in phase. This configuration allows for a constant power delivery, which results in more efficient operation, especially for large motors and industrial applications.

Three phase systems can transmit more power with less current compared to single phase systems, making them more efficient in situations that require high power demands. This is particularly advantageous in industrial settings where large motors and heavy machinery are operated. The continuous power flow in three phase systems also leads to smoother operation of electric motors, as they are able to sustain their torque better than those powered by single phase current.

In contrast, single phase power typically provides one waveform, which is sufficient for residential and small-scale use but can lead to fluctuations in power delivery when utilized for larger loads, making three phase the preferred choice in industrial applications. This fundamental difference in the number of waveforms and the resultant efficiency is why the statement about three phase power using three alternating current waveforms is the correct answer.