What is the function of a transformer in the electrical distribution system?

The function of a transformer in the electrical distribution system is primarily to convert high voltage to low voltage. This conversion is essential for the safe and efficient delivery of electricity to residential and commercial consumers.

High voltages are used during the transmission of electricity over long distances to reduce energy losses; however, such high voltages are not safe or practical for use in homes and businesses. The transformer steps down the voltage to a level that is suitable for consumption, making it safe for use with everyday electrical devices.

By having transformers along the distribution network, utilities can maintain the necessary voltage levels for effective transmission and then step down the voltage as it approaches the end users, ensuring that they receive a stable and safe supply of electricity. This critical role allows the infrastructure of the electrical grid to function effectively, making transformers indispensable components in the system.